微生物的代謝分類－wanjung1222的部落格

微生物的代謝分類
微生物需要碳源(CO2或有機碳)及能源(光或有機物或無機物氧化得到之能源)。微生物的
代謝分類即基於碳源及能源此二基準。
1. 光合生物(Phototrophs)
(1) Photoautotrophs光合自營菌:
􀁺 carbon source: CO2; energy source: sunlight; electron donor: H2O (aerobes)
CO2＋2H2O → CH2O + O2 ＋H2O
Ex: Cyanobacteria 藍細菌
􀁺 carbon source: CO2 , energy source: sunlight ; electron donor: H2S (anaerobes)
12H2S＋6CO2 →C6H12O6+ 12 S0
＋6H2O
Ex: Chlorobium 綠色硫細菌屬chromatium 紫色硫細菌屬
(2) Photoheterotrophs光合異營菌:
􀁺 carbon source: 有機物, energy source: sunlight or organic compound; electron donor:
有機物. (facultative anaerobes)
Ex: 紫色非硫細菌: Rhodospirillum 紅螺旋菌屬
2. Chemotrophs 化學營生菌
􀁺 obtain energy by the oxidation of inorganic or organic compound.
(1) Chemoautotrophs 化學自營菌
􀁺 methanogens 甲烷菌:
(a) (化學自營菌)carbon source: CO2 ; energy source (electron donor) : H2 ; TEA:
CO2(anaerobes)
4 H2 ＋CO2 →CH4 ＋H2O
(b) (化學異營菌) carbon source: CH3COOH ; energy source (electron donor) :
CH3COOH (anaerobes) TEA: CH4
CH3COOH→CH4 + CO2
EX: rods (Methanobacterium, Methannbacillus) and spheres (Methanococcus,
Methanothrix, and Methahosarcina)
􀁺 Nitrifying bacteria 硝化菌: carbon source: CO2 , CO3
－;energy source (electron donor) :
NH4
+, NO2
－; TEA: O2 (aerobes)
NH4
+ + O2 → NO2
－＋H2O (Nitrosomomas 亞硝酸單胞菌屬)
NO2
－+ 0.5 O2 →NO3
－ (Nitrobacter 硝酸菌屬)
􀁺 Sulfur Oxidation bacteria 硫氧化菌: carbon source: CO2 , CO3
－; energy source
(electron donor) : H2S; TEA:O2 (aerobes)
H2S +1/2 O2 →S0 +H2O
EX: Beggiatoa 白硫菌屬, Thiothrix 硫絲菌屬
􀁺 Sulfur Oxidation bacteria 硫氧化菌: carbon source: CO2 , CO3
－; energy source
(electron donor) : S0; TEA:O2 (aerobes)
S0 + 1.5 O2 +H2O → H2SO4
2
EX: Thiobacillus 硫芽胞桿菌屬(Thiobacillus thiooxidans 氧化硫硫桿菌; T. ferrooxidans 氧
化鐵硫桿菌)
􀁺 Sulfur Oxidation bacteria 硫氧化菌: carbon source: CO2 ,CO3
－; energy source
(electron donor) : S0; TEA: NO3
－(anaerobes)
S0 + NO3
－+ CaCO3
→ CaSO4 (s) + N2
EX: Thiobacillus denitrificans 去氮硫桿菌
􀁺 dissimilatory sulfate reduction 異化硫酸還原: carbon source: CO2 , CO3
－; energy
source (electron donor) : H2 ;TEA: SO4
2－(anaerobes)
4H2 + SO4
2－ → S2－ + 4H2O
(3) chemoheterotrophs化學異營菌
􀁺 carbon source: organic compound, energy source: oxidation of organic compound
􀁺 aerobes 好氧菌;喜氣菌;TEA : O2
􀁺 anaerobes 厭氣菌;TEA : CO2, NO3
－or SO4
2－or oxidized metal, e.g., Fe3+
􀁺 facultative anaerobes 兼性厭氣菌, preferentially use O2 but can use other TEA when O2
is not available.
(a)Aerobic chemoheterotrophs: 好氧化學異營
carbon source: organic compound; energy source (electron donor) : organic compound;
TEA:O2
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + biomass
EX: Pseudomonas 假單胞菌屬and Bacillus 桿菌屬，菌種繁多
(b) Facultative anaerobic chemoheterotrophs: 兼性厭氣化學異營
denituificans 脫氮菌:carbon source: organic compound; energy source (electron donor) :
organic compound; TEA: NO3
－
5CH3OH + 6NO3
－ → 5CO2 + 7H2O + 6OH－ + 3N2
EX: Pseudomonas( denitrificans)假單胞菌屬，Bacillus 桿菌屬and Alcaligenes 產鹼桿菌屬
(c) Anaerobic chemoheterotrophs: 厭氣化學異營
􀁺 dissimilatory sulfate reduction 異化硫酸還原: carbon source: organic compound;
energy source (electron donor) : organic compound; TEA: SO4
2－;S0
4CH3OH + 3SO4
2－→4CO2 + 3S2－ + 2H2O
EX: Desulfovibrio 脫硫弧菌. TEA: SO4
2－
CH3COOH + 2H2O + 4S0 →2CO2 + 4S2－ + 8H+
EX: Desulfuuomonas acetooxidans TEA: S0
􀁺 Anaerobic Fermentation 厭氣發酵: carbon source: organic compound; energy source
(electron donor) : organic compound; TEA: organic compound
酒精發酵：丙酮酸→乙醛＋CO2 → 乙醇
EX: Saccharomyces 酵母菌屬:TEA: 乙醛
乳酸發酵：丙酮酸 →乳酸
EX: lactobacillus 乳酸桿菌屬:TEA: 丙酮酸